The students will be provided with knowledge concerning: (i) principles of Air Traffic Control (from the concept of separation to clearance); (ii) flight instrument procedures (departure, cruise, any waiting and arrival); (iii) from control to traffic management (from tactical to flow control with RADAR and ADS-based automated systems); (iv) trajectory optimization techniques in congested areas (from those defined by classic radio aids to RNAV and RNP routes); (v) examples of control and airspace evolution (free routes, use of TCAS and ADS).